If you weren’t following the news last week, there were a number of reports out regarding the alarming connection between melanoma and older men - a group that is largely afflicted by skin cancer. The message was clear; if you can’t check your own back (or skin on the face), have someone look for you or see your physician.
While it’s easy to miss the signs of cancer on areas of your body that you can’t easily view head-on, the same is true when dealing with areas that are in plain sight. One problem is that many people don’t know what to look for, even when it’s staring them right in the face.
In my practice - when it comes to skin cancer - I deal specifically with the face and eyelids. Even with visible indicators, most patients still overlook the tell-tale warning signs, which is why it’s important to be educated on how to spot skin cancer early on.
For starters, there are four main types of skin cancer; Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma. What’s the difference you ask? Let’s break it down.
Basal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 75 percent of cases of the eyelid. The growth usually begins as a small, painless lesion that feels smooth and may be red in hue. While this one is rarely harmful, it can damage the surrounding tissue if left untreated. In most instances, I can treat this with a simple surgical excision.
Squamous cell carcinoma is a raised lesion that usually appears on the lower eyelid. It is often scaly and reddish, much like a scab. I’ve had some patients report that it looked more like a pimple. The important thing to remember in this instance is that while a pimple can form in the eyelid area, they usually clear up on their own within a week, unlike cancer which must be treated medically. If you have the same mark for weeks, or months, it is probably time to see your physician, especially because this form of cancer can spread to surrounding tissue and metastasize, which makes treatment more difficult and painful when it doesn’t have to be.
Malignant melanoma originates in the skin cells that produce melanin, the pigment in our skin that darkens with sun exposure. There are two types, including lentigo maligna melanoma – this one doesn’t metastasize – and nodular melanoma, elevated, blue-black lesions that have a high rate of metastasis.
Sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare cancer that commonly occurs on the upper eyelids. They are usually firm to the touch, but painless. Visually, they have a yellow hue. With this form of cancer, the surrounding areas can be greatly affected if left untreated. I’ve seen cases where the cancer spreads to the eye socket bones, and even the lymph nodes.
Now that you have a better understanding of the different types of skin cancers, it is important to take proper precautions. The number one rule is to always wear sunscreen, even if it’s the middle of winter and the sky is overcast. It is also a good rule of thumb to always stay under cover of a large hat and clothes that cover your body to help prevent further damage.
If you think you may have any of the symptoms above, contact your physician immediately. When dealing with cancer, it is always better to be precautious, as early detection is important to the treatment process.